C#中实现输入汉字获取其拼音（汉字转拼音）的2种方法
前不久看到有的朋友实现对商品名称拼音的录入，发现他的实现方式是手动输入的，—_—#、同志们，福利来了！
本文刚发布时，只写了一个实现方式，使用的是微软的语言包，但是对多音字的效果不怎么理想，甚至个别字会出现很诡异的错误，因此，现在扩展另一个方法，手动实现。
方式一、使用微软语言包
微软为了开发者实现国际化语言的互转，提供了Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack，这个扩展包里面有中文、日文、韩文、英语等各国语言包，并提供方法实现互转、获取拼音、获取字数、甚至获取笔画数等等。
[这种方式对多音字的效果不怎么理想，但是，这个方法比较简单，直接导入包就可以了，因此，对于那些只需要个别语句进行处理的或者不注重多音字的，可以使用这种方式，毕竟简便嘛。]
在这里示例讲的是输入汉字，获取其拼音，获取拼音和获取拼音首字母实现效果分别如下：
首先，去微软官网下载Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack语言包，下载地址分别如下：
Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack 1.0 SR1、Microsoft Visual Studio International Feature Pack 2.0
下载后分别是“vsintlpack1.zip”、“Vsintlpack2.msi”、双击“Vsintlpack2.msi”安装、路径随意、但是要记得、因为一会要引用的、
安装“Vsintlpack2.msi”之后、解压“vsintlpack1.zip”、里面包含七个语言包、
例如中文转拼音“CHSPinYinConv.msi”、简体繁体互转“CHTCHSConv.msi”等等。。
在这里我们用到的是“CHSPinYinConv.msi”、双击安装成功后、打开Visual Studio、新建一个WinForm项目、窗体布局如上图所示、
首先：添加刚刚安装的语言包引用：
“D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack\Simplified Chinese Pin-Yin Conversion Library\ChnCharInfo.dll”
默认是C盘、在这里我安装在D盘了，然后添加using引用：
1 using Microsoft.International.Converters.PinYinConverter;//导入拼音相关
创建获取拼音的方法：
/// <summary>
/// 汉字转化为拼音
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">汉字</param>
/// <returns>全拼</returns>
public static string GetPinyin(string str)
{
string r = string.Empty;
foreach (char obj in str)
{
try
{
ChineseChar chineseChar = new ChineseChar(obj);
string t = chineseChar.Pinyins[0].ToString();
r += t.Substring(0, t.Length - 1);
}
catch
{
r += obj.ToString();
}
}
return r;
}
创建获取汉字拼音首字母的方法：
/// <summary>
/// 汉字转化为拼音首字母
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str">汉字</param>
/// <returns>首字母</returns>
public static string GetFirstPinyin(string str)
{
string r = string.Empty;
foreach (char obj in str)
{
try
{
ChineseChar chineseChar = new ChineseChar(obj);
string t = chineseChar.Pinyins[0].ToString();
r += t.Substring(0, 1);
}
catch
{
r += obj.ToString();
}
}
return r;
}
然后在“转拼音”按钮的点击事件中调用上述方法：
// 汉字转拼音
private void btn_One_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string source = this.txt_ChineseCharacter_One.Text.Trim(); // 得到输入的源字符
string result = GetPinyin(source); // 调用方法，获取拼音
this.txt_Pinyin_One.Text = result;
}
在“转首字母”按钮点击事件中调用上述方法：
// 转首字母
private void btn_Two_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string source = this.txt_ChineseCharacter_One.Text.Trim(); // 得到输入的源字符
string result = GetFirstPinyin(source); // 调用方法，获取拼音
this.txt_Pinyin_One.Text = result;
}
到此，已经完成了80%，运行程序，你会发现，当点击“转拼音”的时候，结果是这样子的：
并不是我开始说的那种“Gu Ying”的效果啊、这是因为我在获取拼音的时候简单的处理了一下：
// 汉字转拼音
private void btn_One_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string source = this.txt_ChineseCharacter_One.Text.Trim(); // 得到输入的源字符
string result = string.Empty; // 转拼音的结果
string temp = string.Empty; // 下面foreach用到的临时变量
foreach (char item in source) // 遍历每个源字符
{
temp = GetPinyin(item.ToString()); // 将每个字符转拼音
// 处理：获取首字母大写、其余字母小写
result += (String.Format("{0}{1} ", temp.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper(), temp.Substring(1).ToLower()));
}
//string result = GetPinyin(source); // 调用方法，获取拼音
this.txt_Pinyin_One.Text = result;
}
OK、到此、这个功能已经实现完成了，还有其余的语言包功能，和此类似，大家可以百度“Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack使用”、各种语言之间的互转及功能示例就出来了。
方式二、手动编码实现
这种方式其实也不困难，说白了就是根据Unicode编码值，定义对应的拼音数组或集合，然后实现此效果。
首先定义拼音区编码数组：
//定义拼音区编码数组
private static int[] getValue = new int[]
{
-20319,-20317,-20304,-20295,-20292,-20283,-20265,-20257,-20242,-20230,-20051,-20036,
-20032,-20026,-20002,-19990,-19986,-19982,-19976,-19805,-19784,-19775,-19774,-19763,
-19756,-19751,-19746,-19741,-19739,-19728,-19725,-19715,-19540,-19531,-19525,-19515,
-19500,-19484,-19479,-19467,-19289,-19288,-19281,-19275,-19270,-19263,-19261,-19249,
-19243,-19242,-19238,-19235,-19227,-19224,-19218,-19212,-19038,-19023,-19018,-19006,
-19003,-18996,-18977,-18961,-18952,-18783,-18774,-18773,-18763,-18756,-18741,-18735,
-18731,-18722,-18710,-18697,-18696,-18526,-18518,-18501,-18490,-18478,-18463,-18448,
-18447,-18446,-18239,-18237,-18231,-18220,-18211,-18201,-18184,-18183, -18181,-18012,
-17997,-17988,-17970,-17964,-17961,-17950,-17947,-17931,-17928,-17922,-17759,-17752,
-17733,-17730,-17721,-17703,-17701,-17697,-17692,-17683,-17676,-17496,-17487,-17482,
-17468,-17454,-17433,-17427,-17417,-17202,-17185,-16983,-16970,-16942,-16915,-16733,
-16708,-16706,-16689,-16664,-16657,-16647,-16474,-16470,-16465,-16459,-16452,-16448,
-16433,-16429,-16427,-16423,-16419,-16412,-16407,-16403,-16401,-16393,-16220,-16216,
-16212,-16205,-16202,-16187,-16180,-16171,-16169,-16158,-16155,-15959,-15958,-15944,
-15933,-15920,-15915,-15903,-15889,-15878,-15707,-15701,-15681,-15667,-15661,-15659,
-15652,-15640,-15631,-15625,-15454,-15448,-15436,-15435,-15419,-15416,-15408,-15394,
-15385,-15377,-15375,-15369,-15363,-15362,-15183,-15180,-15165,-15158,-15153,-15150,
-15149,-15144,-15143,-15141,-15140,-15139,-15128,-15121,-15119,-15117,-15110,-15109,
-14941,-14937,-14933,-14930,-14929,-14928,-14926,-14922,-14921,-14914,-14908,-14902,
-14894,-14889,-14882,-14873,-14871,-14857,-14678,-14674,-14670,-14668,-14663,-14654,
-14645,-14630,-14594,-14429,-14407,-14399,-14384,-14379,-14368,-14355,-14353,-14345,
-14170,-14159,-14151,-14149,-14145,-14140,-14137,-14135,-14125,-14123,-14122,-14112,
-14109,-14099,-14097,-14094,-14092,-14090,-14087,-14083,-13917,-13914,-13910,-13907,
-13906,-13905,-13896,-13894,-13878,-13870,-13859,-13847,-13831,-13658,-13611,-13601,
-13406,-13404,-13400,-13398,-13395,-13391,-13387,-13383,-13367,-13359,-13356,-13343,
-13340,-13329,-13326,-13318,-13147,-13138,-13120,-13107,-13096,-13095,-13091,-13076,
-13068,-13063,-13060,-12888,-12875,-12871,-12860,-12858,-12852,-12849,-12838,-12831,
-12829,-12812,-12802,-12607,-12597,-12594,-12585,-12556,-12359,-12346,-12320,-12300,
-12120,-12099,-12089,-12074,-12067,-12058,-12039,-11867,-11861,-11847,-11831,-11798,
-11781,-11604,-11589,-11536,-11358,-11340,-11339,-11324,-11303,-11097,-11077,-11067,
-11055,-11052,-11045,-11041,-11038,-11024,-11020,-11019,-11018,-11014,-10838,-10832,
-10815,-10800,-10790,-10780,-10764,-10587,-10544,-10533,-10519,-10331,-10329,-10328,
-10322,-10315,-10309,-10307,-10296,-10281,-10274,-10270,-10262,-10260,-10256,-10254
};
然后定义拼音数组：
//定义拼音数组
private static string[] getName = new string[]
{
"A","Ai","An","Ang","Ao","Ba","Bai","Ban","Bang","Bao","Bei","Ben",
"Beng","Bi","Bian","Biao","Bie","Bin","Bing","Bo","Bu","Ba","Cai","Can",
"Cang","Cao","Ce","Ceng","Cha","Chai","Chan","Chang","Chao","Che","Chen","Cheng",
"Chi","Chong","Chou","Chu","Chuai","Chuan","Chuang","Chui","Chun","Chuo","Ci","Cong",
"Cou","Cu","Cuan","Cui","Cun","Cuo","Da","Dai","Dan","Dang","Dao","De",
"Deng","Di","Dian","Diao","Die","Ding","Diu","Dong","Dou","Du","Duan","Dui",
"Dun","Duo","E","En","Er","Fa","Fan","Fang","Fei","Fen","Feng","Fo",
"Fou","Fu","Ga","Gai","Gan","Gang","Gao","Ge","Gei","Gen","Geng","Gong",
"Gou","Gu","Gua","Guai","Guan","Guang","Gui","Gun","Guo","Ha","Hai","Han",
"Hang","Hao","He","Hei","Hen","Heng","Hong","Hou","Hu","Hua","Huai","Huan",
"Huang","Hui","Hun","Huo","Ji","Jia","Jian","Jiang","Jiao","Jie","Jin","Jing",
"Jiong","Jiu","Ju","Juan","Jue","Jun","Ka","Kai","Kan","Kang","Kao","Ke",
"Ken","Keng","Kong","Kou","Ku","Kua","Kuai","Kuan","Kuang","Kui","Kun","Kuo",
"La","Lai","Lan","Lang","Lao","Le","Lei","Leng","Li","Lia","Lian","Liang",
"Liao","Lie","Lin","Ling","Liu","Long","Lou","Lu","Lv","Luan","Lue","Lun",
"Luo","Ma","Mai","Man","Mang","Mao","Me","Mei","Men","Meng","Mi","Mian",
"Miao","Mie","Min","Ming","Miu","Mo","Mou","Mu","Na","Nai","Nan","Nang",
"Nao","Ne","Nei","Nen","Neng","Ni","Nian","Niang","Niao","Nie","Nin","Ning",
"Niu","Nong","Nu","Nv","Nuan","Nue","Nuo","O","Ou","Pa","Pai","Pan",
"Pang","Pao","Pei","Pen","Peng","Pi","Pian","Piao","Pie","Pin","Ping","Po",
"Pu","Qi","Qia","Qian","Qiang","Qiao","Qie","Qin","Qing","Qiong","Qiu","Qu",
"Quan","Que","Qun","Ran","Rang","Rao","Re","Ren","Reng","Ri","Rong","Rou",
"Ru","Ruan","Rui","Run","Ruo","Sa","Sai","San","Sang","Sao","Se","Sen",
"Seng","Sha","Shai","Shan","Shang","Shao","She","Shen","Sheng","Shi","Shou","Shu",
"Shua","Shuai","Shuan","Shuang","Shui","Shun","Shuo","Si","Song","Sou","Su","Suan",
"Sui","Sun","Suo","Ta","Tai","Tan","Tang","Tao","Te","Teng","Ti","Tian",
"Tiao","Tie","Ting","Tong","Tou","Tu","Tuan","Tui","Tun","Tuo","Wa","Wai",
"Wan","Wang","Wei","Wen","Weng","Wo","Wu","Xi","Xia","Xian","Xiang","Xiao",
"Xie","Xin","Xing","Xiong","Xiu","Xu","Xuan","Xue","Xun","Ya","Yan","Yang",
"Yao","Ye","Yi","Yin","Ying","Yo","Yong","You","Yu","Yuan","Yue","Yun",
"Za", "Zai","Zan","Zang","Zao","Ze","Zei","Zen","Zeng","Zha","Zhai","Zhan",
"Zhang","Zhao","Zhe","Zhen","Zheng","Zhi","Zhong","Zhou","Zhu","Zhua","Zhuai","Zhuan",
"Zhuang","Zhui","Zhun","Zhuo","Zi","Zong","Zou","Zu","Zuan","Zui","Zun","Zuo"
};
然后定义转换字符串的方法：
/// <summary>汉字转换成全拼的拼音</summary>
/// <param name="Chstr">汉字字符串</param>
/// <returns>转换后的拼音字符串</returns>
public string StrConvertToPinyin(string Chstr)
{
Regex reg = new Regex("^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]$");//验证是否输入汉字
byte[] arr = new byte[2];
string pystr = "";
int asc = 0, M1 = 0, M2 = 0;
char[] mChar = Chstr.ToCharArray();//获取汉字对应的字符数组
for (int j = 0; j < mChar.Length; j++)
{
//如果输入的是汉字
if (reg.IsMatch(mChar[j].ToString()))
{
arr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(mChar[j].ToString());
M1 = (short)(arr[0]);
M2 = (short)(arr[1]);
asc = M1 * 256 + M2 - 65536;
if (asc > 0 && asc < 160)
{
pystr += mChar[j];
}
else
{
switch (asc)
{
case -9254:
pystr += "Zhen"; break;
case -8985:
pystr += "Qian"; break;
case -5463:
pystr += "Jia"; break;
case -8274:
pystr += "Ge"; break;
case -5448:
pystr += "Ga"; break;
case -5447:
pystr += "La"; break;
case -4649:
pystr += "Chen"; break;
case -5436:
pystr += "Mao"; break;
case -5213:
pystr += "Mao"; break;
case -3597:
pystr += "Die"; break;
case -5659:
pystr += "Tian"; break;
default:
for (int i = (getValue.Length - 1); i >= 0; i--)
{
if (getValue[i] <= asc) //判断汉字的拼音区编码是否在指定范围内
{
pystr += getName[i];//如果不超出范围则获取对应的拼音
break;
}
}
break;
}
}
}
else //如果不是汉字
{
pystr += mChar[j].ToString();//如果不是汉字则返回
}
}
return pystr;//返回获取到的汉字拼音
}
这种方法虽然也会对多音字的识别也不是很理想，但是这种方式毕竟是手动实现的，可以手动控制，比如，“家长”，我们想得到的结果是“Jia Zhang”，但是生成的结果却是“Jia Chang”、
对于这种包含多音字的词组，我们可以另行控制，比如，定义一个多音字数组和其对应的不同词组组合，在我们进行转换拼音的时候，判断，如果是多音字，那么在其词组中找到对应的拼音即可。
类似于我们做Web开发时的关键字过滤。
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