国外的为初学者写的JavaScript教程


  • Embedding and including
  • write and writeln
  • Document object
  • Message box
  • Function
  • Event handler
  • Form
  • Link
  • Date
  • Window
  • Frame

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Date

Let's see an example:

<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Show 
Date</TITLE></HEAD> 
<BODY> 
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"> 
var x= new Date(); 
document.write (x); 
</SCRIPT> 
</BODY></HTML>

To activate a Date Object, you can do this: var x=new Date(). Whenever you want to create an instance of the date object, use this important word: new followed by the object name().

Dynamically display different pages

You can display different pages according to the different time. Here is an example:

var banTime= new Date() 
var ss=banTime.getHours() 
if (ss<=12) 
  document.write("<img src='banner1.gif'>") 
else 
  document.write("<img src='banner2.gif'>") 
Date object
Methods
getDate
getTime
getTimezoneOffset
getDay
getMonth
getYear
getSeconds
getMinutes
getHours

Window

Open a window

To open a window, simply use the method "window.open()":

<form> 
<input type="button" value="Click here to see" onclick="window.open('test.htm')"> 
</form> 

You can replace test.htm with any URL, for example, with http://www.yahoo.com.

Size, toolbar, menubar, scrollbars, location, status

Let's add some of attributes to the above script to control the size of the window, and show: toolbar, scrollbars etc. The syntax to add attributes is:

open("URL","name","attributes")

For example:

<form> 
<input type="button" value="Click here to see" 
onclick="window.open('page2.htm','win1','width=200,height=200,menubar')"> 
</form> 

Another example with no attributes turned on, except the size changed:

<form> 
<input type="button" value="Click here to see" 
onclick="window.open('page2.htm','win1','width=200,height=200')"> 
</form>

Here is the complete list of attributes you can add:

width height toolbar
location directories status
scrollbars resizable menubar

Reload

To reload a window, use this method:

window.location.reload()

Close Window

Your can use one of the codes shown below:

<form> 
<input type="button" value="Close Window" onClick="window.close()"> 
</form> 
<a href="javascript:window.close()">Close Window</a>

Loading

The basic syntax when loading new content into a window is:

window.location="test.htm"

This is the same as

<a href="test.htm>Try this </a>

Let's provide an example, where a confirm box will allow users to choose between going to two places:

<script> 
<!-- 
function ss() 
{ 
var ok=confirm('Click "OK" to go to yahoo, "CANCEL" to go to hotmail') 
if (ok) 
location="http://www.yahoo.com" 
else 
location="http://www.hotmail.com" 
} 
//--> 
 
</script>

Remote Control Window

Let's say you have opened a new window from the current window. After that, you will wonder how to make a control between the two windows. To do this, we need to first give a name to the window.Look at below:

aa=window.open('test.htm','','width=200,height=200')

By giving this window a name "aa", it will give you access to anything that's inside this window from other windows. Whenever we want to access anything that's inside this newly opened window, for example, to write to this window, we would do this: aa.document.write("This is a test.").

Now, let's see an example of how to change the background color of another window:

<html><head><title></title></head> 
<body> 
<form> 
<input type="button" value="Open another page" 
onClick="aa=window.open('test.htm','','width=200,height=200')"> 
<input type="radio" name="x" onClick="aa.document.bgColor='red'"> 
<input type="radio" name="x" onClick="aa.document.bgColor='green'"> 
<input type="radio" name="x" onClick="aa.document.bgColor='yellow'"> 
</form> 
</body></html>

opener

Using "opener" property, we can access the main window from the newly opened window.

Let's create Main page:

<html> 
<head> 
<title></title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<form> 
<input type="button" value="Open another page" 
onClick="aa=window.open('test.htm','','width=100,height=200')"> 
</form> 
</body> 
</html>

Then create Remote control page (in this example, that is test.htm):

<html> 
<head> 
<title></title> 
<script> 
function remote(url){ 
window.opener.location=url 
} 
</script> 
</head> 
<body> 
<p><a href="#" onClick="remote('file1.htm')">File 
1</a></p> 
<p><a href="#" onClick="remote('file2.htm')">File 
2</a></p> 
</body> 
</html>

Try it now!


Frame

One of the most popular uses of loading multiple frames is to load and change the content of more than one frame at once. Lets say we have a parent frame:

<html> 
<frameset cols="150,*"> 
<frame src="page1.htm" name="frame1"> 
<frame src="page2.htm" name="frame2"> 
</frameset> 
</html>

We can add a link in the child frame "frame1" that will change the contents of not only page1, but page2 too. Shown below is the html code for it:

 
<html> 
<body> 
<h2>This is page 1 </h2> 
<a href="page3.htm" 
onClick="parent.frame2.location='page4.htm'">Click Here</a> 
</body> 
</html>

Notice: You should use "parent.frameName.location" to access another frame. "parent" standards for the parent frame containing the frameset code.



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