Android提高之Service用法实例解析


前面文章介绍了Activity以及Intent的使用,本文就来介绍Service。如果把Activity比喻为前台程序,那么Service就是后台程序,Service的整个生命周期都只会在后台执行Service跟Activity一样也由Intent调用。在工程里想要添加一个Service,先新建继承Service的类,然后到AndroidManifest.xml -> Application ->Application Nodes中的Service标签中添加

 Service要由Activity通过startService 或者 bindService来启动,Intent负责传递参数。
 
 先贴出本文程序运行截图如下:

本文主要讲解Service的调用,以及其生命周期。

上图是startService之后再stopService的Service状态变化。

上图是bindService之后再unbindService的Service状态变化。

startService与bindService都可以启动Service,那么它们之间有什么区别呢?它们两者的区别就是使Service的周期改变。由startService启动的Service必须要有stopService来结束Service,不调用stopService则会造成Activity结束了而Service还运行着。bindService启动的Service可以由unbindService来结束,也可以在Activity结束之后(onDestroy)自动结束。

上图是startService之后再Activity.finish()的Service状态变化,Service还在跑着。

上图是bindService之后再Activity.finish()的Service状态变化,Service最后自动unbindService。

main.xml代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
 android:layout_height="fill_parent">
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnStartMyService"
 android:text="StartMyService"></Button>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnStopMyService"
 android:text="StopMyService"></Button>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnBindMyService"
 android:text="BindMyService"></Button>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnUnbindMyService"
 android:text="UnbindMyService"></Button>
 <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btnExit"
 android:text="退出程序"></Button>
</LinearLayout>

testService.java的源码如下:

package com.testService;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class testService extends Activity {
  Button btnStartMyService,btnStopMyService,btnBindMyService,btnUnbindMyService,btnExit;
  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
    btnStartMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStartMyService);
    btnStartMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
    
    btnStopMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStopMyService);
    btnStopMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
    
    btnBindMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnBindMyService);
    btnBindMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
    
    btnUnbindMyService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnUnbindMyService);
    btnUnbindMyService.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); 
    
    btnExit=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnExit);
    btnExit.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
  }
  @Override
  public void onDestroy()
  {
   super.onDestroy();
   Log.e("Activity","onDestroy");
  }
  
  private ServiceConnection _connection = new ServiceConnection() { 
 @Override
 public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder arg1) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 }

 @Override
 public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 } 
  }; 
  class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{

 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
  Intent intent=new Intent(testService.this,MyService.class);
  if(v==btnStartMyService){
  testService.this.startService(intent);
  }
  else if(v==btnStopMyService){
  testService.this.stopService(intent);
  }
  else if(v==btnBindMyService){
  testService.this.bindService(intent, _connection, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
  }
  else if(v==btnUnbindMyService){
  if(MyService.ServiceState=="onBind")//Service绑定了之后才能解绑
   testService.this.unbindService(_connection);
  }
  else if(v==btnExit)
  {
  testService.this.finish();
  }
  
 }
   
  }
}

MyService.java的源码如下:

package com.testService;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {
 static public String ServiceState="";
 @Override
 public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
 Log.e("Service", "onBind");
 ServiceState="onBind";
 return null;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent){
 super.onUnbind(intent);
 Log.e("Service", "onUnbind");
 ServiceState="onUnbind";
 return false;
 
 }
 @Override
 public void onCreate(){
 super.onCreate();
 Log.e("Service", "onCreate");
 ServiceState="onCreate";
 }
 @Override
 public void onDestroy(){
 super.onDestroy();
 Log.e("Service", "onDestroy");
 ServiceState="onDestroy";
 }
 @Override
 public void onStart(Intent intent,int startid){
 super.onStart(intent, startid);
 Log.e("Service", "onStart");
 ServiceState="onStart";
 }

}

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