实例讲解Oracle监听口令及监听器安全



很多人都知道,Oracle的监听器一直存在着一个安全隐患,假如不设置安全措施,那么能够访问的用户就可以远程关闭监听器。

相关示例:


D:\>lsnrctl stop eygle LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:02:40 Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle))) 命令执行成功


大家可以发现,此时缺省的监听器的日志还无法记录操作地址:


No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
28-NOV-2007 09:59:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=)(USER=Administrator))(COMMAND=stop)
(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=eygle)(VERSION=169870080)) * stop * 0


为了更好的保证监听器的安全,大家最好为监听设置密码:


[oracle@jumper log]$ lsnrctl     

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-NOV-2007 10:18:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener
Current Listener is listener
LSNRCTL> change_password
Old password:
New password:
Reenter new password:
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
Password changed for listener
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> set password
Password:
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> save_config
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
Listener Parameter File  /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Old Parameter File  /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.bak
The command completed successfully


在我们设置密码后,远程操作将会因缺失密码而出现失败:


D:\>lsnrctl stop eygle LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:22:57 Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. 正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11) (PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle))) TNS-01169: 监听程序尚未识别口令


注意:此时在服务器端或客户端,都需要我们通过密码来起停监听器:


LSNRCTL> set password
Password:
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log
Trace information written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                    LISTENER
Version                  TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                28-NOV-2007 10:22:23
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level              support
Security                  ON
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File  /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File        /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log
Listener Trace File      /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "eygle" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "julia" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


另外,ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数也是一个重要的安全选项,大家可以在 listener.ora 文件中设置 ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_ 为 ON,此后所有在运行时对监听器的修改都将会被阻止,所有对监听器的修改都必须通过手工修改listener.ora文件才能顺利完成

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