1.试验环境
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
2.确认主库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch
Oldest online log sequence 154
Next log sequence to archive 156
Current log sequence 156
3.创建备库instance
windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可
4.准备好主备库的参数文件
主库：
orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
#################################
db_unique_name=node1
service_names=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbstandby valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node2'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server=dbstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
备库：
orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
#################################
db_unique_name=node2
service_names=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbprimary valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node1'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server=dbprimary
fal_client=dbstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
5.生成password file
c:/>orapwd file=d:/oracle/ora92/DATABASE/PWDtest.ORA password=pass
或者直接将主库上的密码文件copy一份到备库上
6.配置网络
配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完listener.ora后需要重启监听器。
主库：
listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = s1.gti.com)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
tnsnames.ora
dbprimary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
dbstandby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
备库：
listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
tnsnames.ora
dbprimary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
dbstandby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
7.使用rman备份主库
[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:52:37 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)
RMAN> backup full format='/u02/db_%U' database include current controlfile for standby;
...................
8.归档主库当前日志
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
9.启动备库到nomount
sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
10.利用rman恢复备库
[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:53:21 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/a@dbstandby
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028, not mount)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
.............................
如果第8步没有归档当前日志，duplicate时可能出现错误：
RMAN-05507: standby controlfile checkpoint (710256) is more recent than duplicat
ion point in time (709530)
至此，备库创建成功。
11.将备库置于自动恢复状态
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
12.switchover
物理STANDBY的SWITCHOVER切换会把当前的一个物理STANDBY切换为PRIMARY数据库，而PRIMARY数据库且变成物理STNADBY数据库。
一般SWITCHOVER切换都是计划中的切换，特点是在切换后，不会丢失任何的数据，而且这个过程是可逆的，整个DATA GUARD环境不会被破坏，原来DATA GUARD环境中的所有物理和逻辑STANDBY都可以继续工作。
在进行DATA GUARD的物理STANDBY切换前需要注意：
确认主库和从库间网络连接通畅；
确认没有活动的会话连接在数据库中；
PRIMARY数据库处于打开的状态，STANDBY数据库处于MOUNT状态；
确保STANDBY数据库处于ARCHIVELOG模式；
如果设置了REDO应用的延迟，那么将这个设置去掉；
确保配置了主库和从库的初始化参数，使得切换完成后，DATA GUARD机制可以顺利的运行。
主库：
[oracle@s1 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:55:02 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
备库：
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
至此完成自由切换