JavaScript教程:网页浮动定位提示效果

本来想做一个集合浮动定位和鼠标跟随的tooltips效果，但发现定位和鼠标跟随在一些关键的地方还是不同的，还是分开来吧。
这个效果本身难度不大，主要在程序结构和扩展中下了些功夫，务求用起来更方便，能用在更多的地方。

程序特点

同一个提示框用在多个触发元素时，只需一个实例；
显示和隐藏分别有点击方式和触发方式选择；
能设置延时显示和隐藏；
有25种预设定位位置；
可在预设定位基础上，再自定义定位；
可设置自适应窗口定位；

运行代码框
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" /> <title>JavaScript 浮动定位提示效果</title> <script> var $$ = function (id) { return "string" == typeof id ? document.getElementById(id) : id; }; var isIE = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') != -1; var isIE6 = isIE && ([/MSIE (\d)\.0/i.exec(navigator.userAgent)][0][1] == "6"); var isChrome = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome') != -1; var isSafari = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('AppleWebKit') != -1; // with input from Tino Zijdel, Matthias Miller, Diego Perini // http://dean.edwards.name/weblog/2005/10/add-event/ function addEvent(element, type, handler) { if (element.addEventListener) { element.addEventListener(type, handler, false); } else { if (!handler.$$guid) handler.$$guid = addEvent.guid++; if (!element.events) element.events = {}; var handlers = element.events[type]; if (!handlers) { handlers = element.events[type] = {}; if (element["on" + type]) { handlers[0] = element["on" + type]; } } handlers[handler.$$guid] = handler; element["on" + type] = handleEvent; } }; addEvent.guid = 1; function removeEvent(element, type, handler) { if (element.removeEventListener) { element.removeEventListener(type, handler, false); } else { if (element.events && element.events[type]) { delete element.events[type][handler.$$guid]; } } }; function handleEvent(event) { var returnValue = true; event = event || fixEvent(((this.ownerDocument || this.document || this).parentWindow || window).event); var handlers = this.events[event.type]; for (var i in handlers) { this.$$handleEvent = handlers[i]; if (this.$$handleEvent(event) === false) { returnValue = false; } } return returnValue; }; function fixEvent(event) { event.target = event.srcElement; if(event.type == "mouseout") { event.relatedTarget = event.toElement; }else if(event.type == "mouseover") { event.relatedTarget = event.fromElement; } return event; }; var Extend = function(destination, source) { for (var property in source) { destination[property] = source[property]; } return destination; } var Contains = function(a, b){ return a.contains ? a != b && a.contains(b) : !!(a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 16); } var Bind = function(object, fun) { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2); return function() { return fun.apply(object, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments))); } } var BindAsEventListener = function(object, fun) { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2); return function(event) { return fun.apply(object, [event].concat(args)); } } var FixedTips = function(tip, options){ this.Tip = $$(tip);//提示框 this._trigger = null;//触发对象 this._timer = null;//定时器 this._cssTip = this.Tip.style;//简化代码 this._onshow = false;//记录当前显示状态 this.SetOptions(options); //处理Tip对象 this._cssTip.margin = 0;//避免定位问题 this._cssTip.position = "absolute"; this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden"; this._cssTip.display = "block"; this._cssTip.zIndex = 99; this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px";//避免占位出现滚动条 //offset修正参数 var iLeft = iTop = 0, p = this.Tip; while (p.offsetParent) { p = p.offsetParent; iLeft += p.offsetLeft; iTop += p.offsetTop; }; this._offsetleft = iLeft; this._offsettop = iTop; //移入Tip对象时保持显示状态 addEvent(this.Tip, "mouseover", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){ //如果是外部元素进入，说明当前是隐藏延时阶段，那么清除定时器取消隐藏 this.Check(e.relatedTarget) && clearTimeout(this._timer); })); //ie6处理select if (isIE6) { this._iframe = document.createElement("<iframe style='position:absolute;filter:alpha(opacity=0);display:none;'>"); document.body.insertBefore(this._iframe, document.body.childNodes[0]); }; //用于点击方式隐藏 this._fCH = BindAsEventListener(this, function(e) { if (this.Check(e.target) && this.CheckHide()) { this.ReadyHide(this._trigger.ClickHideDelay); }; }); //用于触发方式隐藏 this._fTH = BindAsEventListener(this, function(e) { if (this.Check(e.relatedTarget) && this.CheckHide()) { this.ReadyHide(this._trigger.TouchHideDelay); }; }); }; FixedTips.prototype = { _doc: document.documentElement,//简化代码 //设置默认属性 SetOptions: function(options) { this.options = {//默认值 ClickShow: true,//是否点击方式显示 ClickShowDelay: false,//是否点击显示延时 ClickHide: true,//是否点击方式隐藏 ClickHideDelay: false,//是否点击隐藏延时 TouchShow: true,//是否触发方式显示 TouchShowDelay: true,//是否触发显示延时 TouchHide: true,//是否触发方式隐藏 TouchHideDelay: true,//是否触发隐藏延时 ShowDelay: 300,//显示延时时间 HideDelay: 300,//隐藏延时时间 Align: "clientleft",//水平方向定位 vAlign: "clienttop",//垂直方向定位 Custom: { left: 0, top: 0 },//自定义定位 Percent: { left: 0, top: 0 },//自定义百分比定位 Adaptive: false,//是否自适应定位 Reset: false,//自适应定位时是否重新定位 onShow: function(){},//显示时执行 onHide: function(){}//隐藏时执行 }; Extend(this.options, options || {}); }, //检查触发元素 Check: function(elem) { //返回是否外部元素（即触发元素和Tip对象本身及其内部元素以外的元素对象） return !this._trigger || !( this.Tip === elem || this._trigger.Elem === elem || Contains(this.Tip, elem) || Contains(this._trigger.Elem, elem) ); }, //准备显示 ReadyShow: function(delay) { clearTimeout(this._timer); var trigger = this._trigger; //点击方式隐藏 trigger.ClickHide && addEvent(document, "click", this._fCH); //触发方式隐藏 trigger.TouchHide && addEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH); //是否延迟触发 if (delay) { this._timer = setTimeout(Bind(this, this.Show), trigger.ShowDelay); } else { this.Show(); }; }, //显示 Show: function() { clearTimeout(this._timer); this._trigger.onShow();//放在前面方便修改属性 //根据预设定位和自定义定位计算left和top var trigger = this._trigger, rect = trigger.Elem.getBoundingClientRect(), scrolldoc = isChrome || isSafari ? document.body : this._doc, scrollLeft = scrolldoc.scrollLeft, scrollTop = scrolldoc.scrollTop, customLeft = trigger.Custom.left, customTop = trigger.Custom.top, iLeft = this.GetLeft(rect, trigger.Align) + customLeft, iTop = this.GetTop(rect, trigger.vAlign) + customTop; //自定义百分比定位 if (trigger.Percent.left) { iLeft += .01 * trigger.Percent.left * trigger.Elem.offsetWidth; }; if (trigger.Percent.top) { iTop += .01 * trigger.Percent.top * trigger.Elem.offsetHeight; }; //自适应视窗定位 if (trigger.Adaptive) { //修正定位参数 var maxLeft = this._doc.clientWidth - this.Tip.offsetWidth, maxTop = this._doc.clientHeight - this.Tip.offsetHeight; if (trigger.Reset) { //自动重新定位 if (iLeft > maxLeft || iLeft < 0) { iLeft = this.GetLeft(rect, 2 * iLeft > maxLeft ? "left" : "right") + customLeft; }; if (iTop > maxTop || iTop < 0) { iTop = this.GetTop(rect, 2 * iTop > maxTop ? "top" : "bottom") + customTop; }; } else { //修正到适合位置 iLeft = Math.max(Math.min(iLeft, maxLeft), 0); iTop = Math.max(Math.min(iTop, maxTop), 0); }; }; //设置位置并显示 this._cssTip.left = iLeft + scrollLeft - this._offsetleft + "px"; this._cssTip.top = iTop + scrollTop - this._offsettop + "px"; this._cssTip.visibility = "visible"; //ie6处理select if (isIE6) { this._iframe.style.left = iLeft + scrollLeft + "px"; this._iframe.style.top = iTop + scrollTop + "px"; this._iframe.style.width = this.Tip.offsetWidth + "px"; this._iframe.style.height = this.Tip.offsetHeight + "px"; this._iframe.style.display = ""; }; //触发方式隐藏 trigger.TouchHide && addEvent(this.Tip, "mouseout", this._fTH); }, //获取相对触发元素的left GetLeft: function(rect, align) { switch (align.toLowerCase()) { case "left" : return rect.left - this.Tip.offsetWidth; case "clientleft" : return rect.left; case "center" : return (rect.left + rect.right - this.Tip.offsetWidth)/2; case "clientright" : return rect.right - this.Tip.offsetWidth; case "right" : default : return rect.right; }; }, //获取相对触发元素的top GetTop: function(rect, valign) { switch (valign.toLowerCase()) { case "top" : return rect.top - this.Tip.offsetHeight; case "clienttop" : return rect.top; case "center" : return (rect.top + rect.bottom - this.Tip.offsetHeight)/2; case "clientbottom" : return rect.bottom - this.Tip.offsetHeight; case "bottom" : default : return rect.bottom; }; }, //准备隐藏 ReadyHide: function(delay) { clearTimeout(this._timer); if (delay) { this._timer = setTimeout(Bind(this, this.Hide), this._trigger.HideDelay); } else { this.Hide(); }; }, //隐藏 Hide: function() { clearTimeout(this._timer); //设置隐藏 this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden"; this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px"; //ie6处理select if (isIE6) { this._iframe.style.display = "none"; }; //处理触发对象 if (!!this._trigger) { this._trigger.onHide(); removeEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH); } this._trigger = null; //移除事件 removeEvent(this.Tip, "mouseout", this._fTH); removeEvent(document, "click", this._fCH); }, //添加触发对象 Add: function(elem, options) { //创建一个触发对象 var elem = $$(elem), trigger = Extend(Extend({ Elem: elem }, this.options), options || {}); //点击方式显示 addEvent(elem, "click", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){ if (trigger.ClickShow) { if (this.CheckShow(trigger)) { this.ReadyShow(trigger.ClickShowDelay); } else { clearTimeout(this._timer); }; }; })); //触发方式显示 addEvent(elem, "mouseover", BindAsEventListener(this, function(e){ if (trigger.TouchShow) { if (this.CheckShow(trigger)) { this.ReadyShow(trigger.TouchShowDelay); } else if (this.Check(e.relatedTarget)) { clearTimeout(this._timer); }; }; })); //返回触发对象 return trigger; }, //显示检查 CheckShow: function(trigger) { if (trigger !== this._trigger) { //不是同一个触发对象就先执行Hide防止冲突 this.Hide(); this._trigger = trigger; return true; } else { return false; }; }, //隐藏检查 CheckHide: function() { if (this._cssTip.visibility === "hidden") { //本来就是隐藏状态，不需要再执行Hide clearTimeout(this._timer); removeEvent(this._trigger.Elem, "mouseout", this._fTH); this._trigger = null; removeEvent(document, "click", this._fCH); return false; } else { return true; }; } }; </script> </head> <body> <style> .trigger{border:1px solid #003099; color:#003099; background:#e2e7ff; padding:10px; width:200px; height:100px; margin-left:150px;} .tip{border:1px solid #c00000; color:#c00000; background:#ffcccc; padding:5px; line-height:20px;} </style> <div style="padding:50px;"> <div id="idTip" class="tip"></div> <div id="idTrigger1" class="trigger"> <select> <option>test</option> </select> </div> <br> 水平位置： <label> <input name="nAlign" type="radio" value="left" /> left </label> <label> <input name="nAlign" type="radio" value="clientleft" /> clientleft </label> <label> <input name="nAlign" type="radio" value="center" /> center </label> <label> <input name="nAlign" type="radio" value="clientright" /> clientright </label> <label> <input name="nAlign" type="radio" value="right" checked="checked" /> right </label> <br> 垂直位置： <label> <input name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="top" /> top </label> <label> <input name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="clienttop" /> clienttop </label> <label> <input name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="center" /> center </label> <label> <input name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="clientbottom" /> clientbottom </label> <label> <input name="nVAlign" type="radio" value="bottom" checked="checked" /> bottom </label> <br> <br> 自定义定位： left： <input id="idLeft" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="3" /> top： <input id="idTop" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="3"/> <br> <br> <input id="idClick" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <label for="idClick">点击方式</label> <input id="idTouch" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <label for="idTouch">触发方式</label> <br> <br> 延时时间： <input id="idDelayTime" type="text" size="5" value="0" maxlength="4"/> <input id="idDelay" type="button" value=" 取消延时 " /> <br> <br> 其他应用范例： <br> <br> <div id="idTest1"> 利用title： <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/11/17/1334778.html" title="拖放效果">拖放效果</a>   <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/12/03/1346386.html" title="拖拉缩放效果">拖拉缩放效果</a>   <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/07/21/1247267.html" title="图片切割效果"> 图片切割效果</a> </div> <br> <br> 流行的头像显示效果： <br> <br> <div id="idTest2"> <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/07/06/1236770.html" title="图片滑动切换效果"><img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx1.jpg" border="0"/></a>   <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/05/23/1205642.html" title="图片变换效果"><img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx2.jpg" border="0"/></a>   <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/05/13/1194272.html" title="图片滑动展示效果"><img src="/articleimg/2009/07/6852/r_mx3.jpg" border="0"/></a> </div> <br> <br> 关闭按钮：<a id="idTest3" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2009/05/18/TableFixed.html">Table行定位效果</a> </div> <script> var forEach = function(array, callback, thisObject){ if(array.forEach){ array.forEach(callback, thisObject); }else{ for (var i = 0, len = array.length; i < len; i++) { callback.call(thisObject, array[i], i, array); } } } ////////////////////////////////////// var ft = new FixedTips("idTip"); ////////////////////////////////////// var trigger1 = ft.Add("idTrigger1", { onShow: function(){ //定位测试 var sAlign = this.Align, sVAlign = this.vAlign; forEach(document.getElementsByName("nAlign"), function(o){ if(o.checked){ sAlign = o.value; } }); forEach(document.getElementsByName("nVAlign"), function(o){ if(o.checked){ sVAlign = o.value; } }); this.Align = sAlign; this.vAlign = sVAlign; this.Custom.left = $$("idLeft").value | 0; this.Custom.top = $$("idTop").value | 0; trigger1.ShowDelay = trigger1.HideDelay = $$("idDelayTime").value | 0 || 300; ft.Tip.innerHTML = sAlign + "<br>" + sVAlign + "<br>" + "left: " + this.Custom.left + ", top: " + this.Custom.top; } }); //延时测试 $$("idDelayTime").value = trigger1.ShowDelay; $$("idDelay").onclick = function(){ if(trigger1.TouchShowDelay){ trigger1.ClickShowDelay = trigger1.ClickHideDelay = trigger1.TouchShowDelay = trigger1.TouchHideDelay = false; $$("idDelayTime").disabled = true; this.value = " 设置延时 "; }else{ trigger1.ClickShowDelay = trigger1.ClickHideDelay = trigger1.TouchShowDelay = trigger1.TouchHideDelay = true; $$("idDelayTime").disabled = false; this.value = " 取消延时 "; } } //方式测试 $$("idClick").onclick = function(){ trigger1.ClickShow = trigger1.ClickHide = this.checked; } $$("idTouch").onclick = function(){ trigger1.TouchShow = trigger1.TouchHide = this.checked; } /////////////////////////////////////// forEach($$("idTest1").getElementsByTagName("a"), function(o){ var title = o.title; o.title = ""; ft.Add(o, { vAlign: "bottom", Percent: { left: 50, top: 0 }, onShow: function(){ ft.Tip.innerHTML = title; } }); }) /////////////////////////////////////// forEach($$("idTest2").getElementsByTagName("a"), function(o){ var img = o.getElementsByTagName("img")[0], title = o.title; o.title = ""; ft.Add(img, { Custom: { left: -6, top: -6 }, onShow: function(){ var str = '<a href="' + o.href + '"><img src="' + img.src + '" style="padding-bottom:5px;" border="0"/></a>'; str += '<br /><a href="' + o.href + '">' + title + '</a>'; ft.Tip.innerHTML = str; } }); }) /////////////////////////////////////// ft.Add("idTest3", { ClickHide: false, TouchHide: false, Align: "right", onShow: function(){ var str = '<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2009/03/11/1408333.html">颜色梯度和渐变效果</a><br />'; str += '<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/cloudgamer/archive/2008/10/20/1314766.html">仿163网盘无刷新文件上传系统</a><br />'; str += '<input type="button" onclick="ft.Hide();" value="点击关闭" />'; ft.Tip.innerHTML = str; } }); </script> </body> </html>
[Ctrl+A 全部选择提示：你可先修改部分代码，再按运行]

JavaScript,定位,浮动,提示,tooltips,FixedTips,Tip
程序说明

Tip对象：

Tip对象就是用来显示提示信息的容器，程序用Tip属性表示。这个没什么要求，程序初始化时会对它进行一些设置。
首先进行下面设置：

this._cssTip.margin = 0;
this._cssTip.position = "absolute";
this._cssTip.visibility = "hidden";
this._cssTip.display = "block";
this._cssTip.zIndex = 99;
this._cssTip.left = this._cssTip.top = "-9999px";

其中margin设为0是为了避免一些定位问题，用visibility来隐藏而不是display是因为程序需要获取Tip的offsetWidth、offsetHeight，还需要设置left和top是避免因Tip占位出现的滚动条。
因为Tip可能会在其他定位元素里面，所以还要设两个offset修正参数：

var iLeft = iTop = 0, p = this.Tip.offsetParent;
while (!(p === document.body || p === document.documentElement)) {
iLeft += p.offsetLeft; iTop += p.offsetTop; p = p.offsetParent;
};
this._offsetleft = iLeft;
this._offsettop = iTop;

最后给Tip的mouseover加一个事件，具体后面再说明。

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